Fish aggregations can be structured or unstructured. Underwater video loop of a school of herrings migrating at high speed to their spawning grounds in the Baltic SeaĪn aggregation of fish is the general term for any collection of fish that have gathered together in some locality. ( January 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. This section needs additional citations for verification. The oddity effect thus tends to homogenize shoals. This may explain why fish prefer to shoal with individuals that resemble themselves. The oddity effect posits that any shoal member that stands out in appearance will be preferentially targeted by predators. Generally they prefer larger shoals, shoalmates of their own species, shoalmates similar in size and appearance to themselves, healthy fish, and kin (when recognized). It is also likely that fish benefit from shoal membership through increased hydrodynamic efficiency.įish use many traits to choose shoalmates.
įish derive many benefits from shoaling behaviour including defence against predators (through better predator detection and by diluting the chance of individual capture), enhanced foraging success, and higher success in finding a mate. About one quarter of fish species shoal all their lives, and about one half shoal for part of their lives. In common usage, the terms are sometimes used rather loosely. In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons are shoaling, and if the group is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner, they are schooling. They are all swimming in the same direction in a coordinated way.
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